As part of an industry wide effort to squeeze out more profit without raising fares, a large number of airlines have implemented new restrictions that would limit loyalty programs.  Airlines such as Southwest and Qantas have recently joined this group with increased restrictions.   
 
Here are some of the changes many frequent fliers should be informed about.  One of the obvious changes would be mileage inflation.  Many of the co-branded airline reward credit cards will offer fewer miles per dollar.  Cardholders should also expect extended blackout dates for frequent flier travel bookings as well as a reduced number of award seats available for those with enough points.  A few airlines are also moving up the expiration dates for frequent flier points and charging travelers a per-mile fee to reactivate these expired miles.  Added and increased booking fees and upgrade surcharges should also be expected.  Upgrade fees as high as $150 may be applied to certain reservations.  
 
Though these changes are less than inspirational, there are still ways to maximize the value of your frequent flier points.  Timing would be one way to better use your points.  Scheduling a little air travel at critical moments could help you avoid expiring points since many airlines reset the clock on your miles after there is activity.  Cardholders should also look into upgrading since they are often a better value for your miles than a flight purchase.  With tighter expiration deadlines, consolidating your flight, airline reward credit card, and partner purchases into a single frequent flier program will yield the best results.  Finally, the most obvious way to better reap travel reward benefits is to apply for a good frequent flier airline card in the first place.